Those who responded “no” and “not sure” were deemed not recovered. This question has been shown to correlate well with WDQ scores.4 No data was gathered on

treatment during the last three months. Also at 3 months post-injury, the BPPT was performed while the examiner was blind to the results of the other data. The BPPT was performed as described elsewhere.2 In brief, the BPPT was always performed on the left side first, the technique involving the application of gentle shoulder girdle depression, glenohumeral abduction and external rotation in the coronal plane, with wrist and finger extension and EGFR inhibitor elbow extension. The range of elbow extension was measured at the subjects’ pain threshold using a standard goniometer aligned along the mid-humeral AC220 purchase shaft, medial epicondyle and ulnar styloid. If the subject did not experience pain, the test was continued until the end of available range. At the completion of this test, the subjects were asked to record their pain on a 10-cm visual analogue scale (VAS). All subjects were, at the time of the study, in a system of new legislation that places a cap on compensation for whiplash grade 1 and 2, of $4000 CAN, with a standardized diagnostic treatment protocol applied to each subject. This system has been described elsewhere.17 All subjects had

filed a claim with an insurance company to receive treatment benefits. Crude associations between age, gender, initial WDQ, and BPPT angle and VAS score were assessed using χ2 tests, with α levels set at 0.05. For age, the clinically meaningful categories were age ≤ 40 and age > 40. As the distribution of age and WDQ scores may not be normal, these continuous variables were also converted to categorical variables. For age, the clinically meaningful categories (shown to have prognostic significance) were age ≤ 40 and age > 40. For WDQ, the clinically meaningful categories were scores in the low (0–40), medium (41–80) and high (81–130) range. After examining for confounding and interactions, the remaining terms were included in a final logistic

regression. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was calculated for recovery and both BPPT angle and VAS score. Significance was set at p < 0.05. All analyses were completed using STATA/SE, version 10.0 for nearly Macintosh (STATA CORP, College Station, TX, USA). The 69 subjects were 32 males, 37 females, mean age 37.5 ± 13.0 years (range 18–71, mean ± SD). At the 3-month follow-up, recovery was reported by 35 of 69 subjects. Age, gender, and initial WDQ score did not correlate recovery or BPPT results, and therefore the group was analysed as a whole. At the 3-month follow-up, the BPPT elbow extension (from 180°) was 41.5 ± 23.0° (mean ± SD), and the VAS score for the BPPT was 2.2 ± 1.2 (out of 10, mean ± SD). As there were no side-to-side differences, the results of both sides were averaged.