The low rate of injuries from aquatic and wild animals in our study can be explained by the fact that the majority of patients sustaining these severe injuries may have died before reaching the Accident and Emergency department. These animals can produce severe injuries

by grasping victims with their powerful jaws and dragging them underwater, where they roll while crushing their prey [18]. In keeping with other studies [30, 31], the majority of injuries in the present study were in the lower and upper limbs. Attempts at using, the foot and hand to avoid animal bite may be the possible reason for these parts being affected more. The other buy MDV3100 thought is that animals may be at ease to attack moving body parts [14, 15, 31]. The type of wounds in injuries resulting from animal attack can range from minor bruises to more extensive injuries like punctured wounds, avulsions, amputations and separation of a ZD1839 cost pedunculated flap [18, 32]. In this study, open wounds such as bruises, abrasions, lacerations, punctured, avulsion, crush wounds etc and fractures were the most common type of injuries sustained. Limb amputation was reported in only 2.2% of cases mainly due to Selleckchem PR 171 large wild and aquatic animals. Similar observation was reported previously by Chalya et al[18] at the same institution. It has been estimated that about 60% of animal attacks lead

to such mild injuries that the ambulatory treatment is sufficient, or the injured do not call for medical help at all [22, 33]. The majority of patients in our series sustained mild injuries which is comparable with other studies [18, 22]. The large number of patients with mild injuries in this study may be responsible for the low rate of hospitalization and complications among these patients. The principles of management of wounds resulting from animal attacks include cleaning and debriding the wound, consideration

of prophylactic antibiotics, treatment of infectious complications when they develop and appropriate use of tetanus vaccination [17, 18, 32]. Whereas minor wounds are usually treated conservatively with prophylactic antibiotics, analgesics, tetanus toxoid and cleaning of wounds with normal saline and apply dressing, extensive wounds require operative procedures mainly debridement and primary or delayed primary closure. In P-type ATPase our study, the vast majority of hospitalized patients were treated surgically and surgical wound debridement with either primary or delayed closure was the most frequent surgical procedure performed. In this study, wound infection was the most common complication and majority of patients had polymicrobial bacterial profile. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common organism isolated. Similar observation was also noted previously at the same study area by Chalya et al[18] reflecting no change of bacterial profile in this region. The current study had a mortality rate of 10.