These results suggest a strategy of VLP vaccination against a pandemic virus and one that stimulates heterotypic immunity against an influenza virus strain with threatening pandemic potential.”
“This study explored whether neural processes underlying recognition of speaker’s voice and vocal affect are dissociable by measuring event-related potentials. Individuals were asked to identify a target emotion, or a target (congruent) speaker among distracter (incongruent) emotions or speakers. The incongruent condition

elicited more negative N400-like response during both tasks, but the distributions differed. Although the response in speaker task was more pronounced at frontal than posterior recording sites, in emotion task, the opposite was true. Furthermore, the response was more pronounced at the left recording sites for speaker task and more pronounced at the right recording sites for emotion task. Selleck LEE011 The present results suggest that

neural substrates involved in processing speaker identity are different from those responsible for processing vocal affect. NeuroReport 20:1245-1249 (C) 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.”
“In their vertebrate hosts, arboviruses such as Semliki Forest virus (SFV) (Togaviridae) generally counteract innate defenses and trigger Nutlin-3a concentration cell death. In contrast, in mosquito cells, following an early phase of efficient virus production, a persistent infection with low levels of virus production is established. Whether arboviruses counteract RNA interference (RNAi), which provides an important antiviral defense system in mosquitoes, is an important question. Here we show that in Aedes albopictus-derived mosquito cells, SFV cannot prevent the establishment of an antiviral RNAi response or prevent the spread of protective antiviral double-stranded RNA/small see more interfering RNA (siRNA) from cell to cell, which can inhibit the replication of incoming virus. The expression of tombusvirus siRNA-binding protein p19 by SFV strongly

enhanced virus spread between cultured cells rather than virus replication in initially infected cells. Our results indicate that the spread of the RNAi signal contributes to limiting virus dissemination.”
“This study examined the potential of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells for use as a source of transplants for the restoration of auditory spiral ganglion neurons. We monitored neurite outgrowth from iPS cell-derived neural progenitors toward cochlear hair cells ex vivo, and followed their survival and fates after transplantation into mouse cochleae in vivo. Neurons derived from iPS cells projected neurites toward cochlear hair cells. The settlement of iPS cell-derived neurons was observed 1 week after transplantation into the cochlea.