001) and lactate accumulation (43.1 +/- 20.7 versus 36.3 +/- 23.0 mu mol g(-1) at 60 min of aortic occlusion, P = 0.052) in the myocardium during aortic occlusion, and lower postoperative left ventricular stroke work index (27.2 +/- 8.4 versus 30.1 +/- 7.9 g x m x m(-2), P = 0.034).

CONCLUSIONS: Adenosine 400 mu mol l(-1) in cold blood cardioplegia showed no cardioprotective effects on the

FK228 cost parameters studied. Myocardial ischaemia was more pronounced in patients receiving retrograde cardioplegia.”
“Lepidoptera, including about 150,000 species in the world, comprise the second largest insect group, and sex pheromones have been identified from virgin female moths of more than 600 species. The chemical structures are simple, but diverse, because species-specific pheromones play an important role in the reproductive isolation of each species. The pheromone content in each female is quite low, and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is most frequently utilized to

reveal the chemical structure. Almost all pheromone components are straight-chain compounds and are LDC000067 in vivo classified into two major groups [i.e. unsaturated C-10-C-18 fatty alcohols and their derivatives (Type I) and C-17-C-23 polyenyl hydrocarbons and their epoxides (Type II)). In addition to the unbranched compounds, some species secrete methyl-branched compounds (e.g., 2-ketones). For the identification of these compounds, determining the positions of the double bond, the epoxy ring, and the methyl group is an important check details key step. Copious spectral information measured by electron-impact ionization (70 eV) has been accumulated for these compounds. This review therefore deals with their spectral characteristics, namely, diagnostic ions, to apply them to pheromone

studies on new target insects. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“In this work non polar (hexane) and polar (methanol and hot water) extracts of cork oak (Quercus suber) and holm oak (Quercus ilex) acorns were evaluated for the first time for in vitro neuroprotective properties, by determining their in vitro inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and their capacity to attenuate hydrogen peroxide-induced injury in the human dopaminergic cell line SH-SY5Y. Total content of phenolics, tannins and flavonoids, HPLC profile of the main phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity were also determined. The methanol extracts showed inhibitory activities against AChE and BChE. The best results toward AChE were obtained with cork oak extract (69.4% inhibition at the concentration of 1 mg/ml), while for BChE the highest inhibition (46% inhibition at the concentration of I mg/ml) was obtained with holm oak. Moreover, methanol extracts were able to prevent oxidative stress-induced cytotoxicity in SH-S5SY cells. The methanol extract of holm oak exhibited the highest RSA, with values of 63.8% and 49.