However, production of viral vectors and, in particular, adenoviral vectors is the result of two consecutive phases: the growth phase and the virus production

phase. In this study, the singular and combined effects of osmolality on the phases of cell growth and virus production were evaluated in culture media with osmolalities ranging from 250 to 410 mOsm. A two-factor, five-level full factorial design was used to investigate the effect of osmotic stress on cell physiology, as determined through the characterization of cell growth, GW3965 cell metabolism, cell viability, cell cycle, cell RNA and total protein content, and total virus yield/cell-specific virus productivity. Overall, the results show that the growth of cells under hyperosmotic conditions induced favorable physiological states for viral production, and the specific virus productivity Selleck Z-IETD-FMK was improved by more than 11-fold when the medium’s osmolality

was increased from 250 to 410 mOsm during the cell growth phase. Both hypo-and hyperosmotic stresses in the virus production phase reduced virus productivity by as much as a factor of six. Optimal virus productivity was achieved by growing cells in media with an osmolality of 370 mOsm or greater, followed by a virus production phase at an osmolality of 290 mOsm. Compared to standard culture and production conditions in isotonic media, the shift from high to low osmolality between the two phases resulted in a two-to three-fold increase in virus yields. This hyperosmotic pressure effect on virus productivity was reproduced

in five different commercial serum-free media. Crown Copyright (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Objective: To evaluate the reproductive outcomes of patients with a uterine septum and otherwise unexplained infertility who underwent hysteroscopic metroplasty, and to compare them with those of patients with the same diagnosis who did not have hysteroscopic EPZ6438 metroplasty. Methods: The present retrospective study included 127 patients with diagnosis of a uterine septum and otherwise unexplained infertility. The reproductive outcomes of 102 patients who underwent hysteroscopic metroplasty (group 1) and 25 patients who rejected the operation (group 2) were compared. Results: Of the 102 patients who underwent hysteroscopic metroplasty, 44(43.1%) were able to achieve pregnancy, as compared with 5(20%) of the 25 patients who did not undergo the operation (P=0.03). The abortion rate was 11.4% (5/44) in group 1, compared with 60% (3/5) in group 2 (P=0.02). The live birth rate was 35.3% (36/102) in group 1, as compared with 8% (2/25) in group 2 (P=0.008). Conclusions: The results indicate that hysteroscopic metroplasty improves reproductive outcome for patients with a uterine septum and otherwise unexplained infertility.