28 eV lower than that for a single C acceptor The results sugges

28 eV lower than that for a single C acceptor. The results suggest the codoping of C:Si is an effective p-type doping method in AlN. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3475708]“
“Genetically

diverse pathogens (such as Human Immunodeficiency virus type 1, HIV-1) are frequently stratified into phylogenetically or immunologically defined subtypes for classification purposes. Computational identification of such subtypes is helpful in surveillance, epidemiological analysis and detection of novel variants, e. g., circulating selleck chemicals llc recombinant forms in HIV-1. A number of conceptually and technically different techniques have been proposed for determining the subtype of a query sequence, but there is not a universally optimal approach. We present a model-based phylogenetic method MK5108 research buy for automatically subtyping an HIV-1 (or other viral or bacterial) sequence, mapping the location of breakpoints and assigning parental sequences in recombinant strains as well as computing confidence levels for the inferred quantities. Our Subtype Classification Using Evolutionary ALgorithms (SCUEAL) procedure is shown to perform very well in a variety of simulation scenarios, runs in parallel when multiple sequences are being screened, and matches or exceeds the performance of existing approaches

on typical empirical cases. We applied SCUEAL to all available polymerase (pol) sequences from two large databases, the Stanford Drug Resistance

database and the UK HIV Drug Resistance Database. Comparing find more with subtypes which had previously been assigned revealed that a minor but substantial (approximate to 5%) fraction of pure subtype sequences may in fact be within-or inter-subtype recombinants. A free implementation of SCUEAL is provided as a module for the HyPhy package and the Datamonkey web server. Our method is especially useful when an accurate automatic classification of an unknown strain is desired, and is positioned to complement and extend faster but less accurate methods. Given the increasingly frequent use of HIV subtype information in studies focusing on the effect of subtype on treatment, clinical outcome, pathogenicity and vaccine design, the importance of accurate, robust and extensible subtyping procedures is clear.”
“Based on the effective mass approximation, the ground-state donor binding energy of impurity located at the surface of the zinc-blende (ZB) GaN/AlGaN symmetric coupled quantum dots (SCQDs) is investigated variationally, considering the combined effects of the electric field to the right (along the growth direction) and the hydrostatic pressure. Numerical results show that the impurity localized inside the left dot, the donor binding energy is insensitive to the middle barrier width of the ZB GaN/AlGaN SCQDs if the middle barrier width is large. While the hydrostatic pressure increases the donor binding energy for any electric field and impurity position.

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