A blunt right angle or renal pedicle clamp is then passed superior from the hepatotomy in segment IV through liver parenchyma and then exiting via the inferior hepatotomy. A vascular clamp is used to compress this tissue and right portal pedicle allowing for demarcation of the right lobe. Once this is confirmed, a vascular stapler is used to transect the pedicle. For a left hepatectomy, the hilar plate is elevated and the left portal pedicle is identified in the umbilical fissure. A hepatotomy is made at the level of Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical lowering the hilar plate and a second hepatotomy in the back of segment II. The same clamp should be used to come around this pedicle with subsequent vascular

clamping to check for demarcation and then a vascular stapler to transect the left portal pedicle.

This technique used properly can decrease blood loss, decrease risk Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical to injury of the hilum, and shortens operative time. Use of intraoperative US during pedicle ligation decreases injury to nearby vasculature. Pedicle ligation can be used in select cases needing segmentectomy. However, this maneuver should not be used for centrally located tumors because obtaining surgical margins will not be possible. For patients that cannot undergo pedicle ligation, the standard technique of isolating the hepatic Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical artery, portal vein separately should be performed (extrahepatic ligation). Parenchymal Transection As the number of liver resections have increased over the past 20 years, so too has the armamentarium of surgical devices available to facilitate the Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical different aspects of liver surgery such as vascular control, hemostasis, and parenchymal transection. This growing variety of tools has been especially Palbociclib chemical structure represented in the field of parenchymal transection.

The methods range from basic finger or clamp-fracturing the tissue, to devices based on more complex technology, such as ultrasonic or radiofrequency energy, water jet and tissue-sealing devices, and surgical staplers. These strategies are all aimed at reducing blood loss and transfusion Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical requirements, and the increased postoperative complications associated with each. Additionally, there are other important factors to be considered when choosing a particular method, such as operative ADP ribosylation factor time, availability and ease of use, extent of hepatic injury affected, and cost. The use of one tool over the other will also vary according to the type of resection, and different techniques can be more advantageous in one setting than another. It is important to be familiar with many strategies and be able to apply them in the most appropriate setting. We discuss the most widely used methods at present and review the existing randomized data comparing them. Crushing Technique The most basic strategy involves crushing the liver parenchyma between the surgeon’s fingers in order to expose and isolate small vessels and biliary radicals, which can then be divided.