More prospective controlled studies are needed to verify the true relationships between different methods of diabetes management and outcome in dialysis patients. Eugenie Pedagogos has no relevant financial affiliations that would cause a conflict of interest according to the conflict of interest statement set down by CARI. “
“Hypertension Deforolimus (HTN) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are important emerging problems in low-income countries, with an increasing number of patients dying from their consequences. A project for investigating

these issues was carried out in West Bengal, India, in 2536 adult subjects. Body mass index (BMI) was classified using traditional and new cut-offs identified by the World Health Organization for Asian populations. HTN was classified according to the Joint Selleckchem FK228 National Committee 7 and CKD according to presence of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of less than 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2. Normal BMI (Asian reference) was found in 41.5% of subjects, while 33.4% were underweight, 19.3% overweight and 5.8% obese. Prevalence of stage 1 and 2 HTN was 39.4%. Proteinuria (urine dipstick >1+) was present in 7.7% of the sample. In a subsample of 1526 subjects, eGFR of less than 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2 was found

in 4.2%. At multivariate analysis, factors associated with HTN were weight classes (P < 0.001), presence of proteinuria (P < 0.001) and family history of HTN (P = 0.028), while living in rural areas was associated with lower risk for HTN (P = 0.003). eGFR was inversely related to BMI (P = 0.03), the presence of proteinuria (P < 0.001) and HTN (P < 0.003), and directly related to living in rural areas (P = 0.003). High prevalence of HTN was found in subjects with very limited access to health care in West Bengal. HTN was more common in overweight individuals, but

also affected normal weight and underweight subjects in a significant part of the tested population. Adenosine Preventive medicine should be a strong priority in this setting. “
“Background:  The use and timing of steroids in the management of acute tubulointerstitial nephritis (ATIN) remains debatable. Aims:  To determine the incidence and aetiology of ATIN in our unit, and to examine trends in the use of steroids and their impact on renal outcomes. Methods:  Patients with a histological diagnosis of ATIN over a 9-year period were identified and divided into steroid-treated (StG) and steroid-naïve groups (SnG). Mean change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was determined. Results:  Forty-nine patients had ATIN as their main diagnosis, 67% of cases were drug-induced, and proton pump inhibitors (PPI) were the second commonest implicated drug category. Majority (75%) of patients received steroids, and eGFR improved to a significantly greater degree in these steroid-treated patients (3.4-fold improvement vs 2.0-fold in SnG; P < 0.05, unpaired t-test). Despite comparable eGFR at presentation (StG: 11.7; SnG: 15.