Gastroenterology 2002, 122: 60–71.CrossRefPubMed 26. Miyazaki K, Hattori Y, Umenishi F, Yasumitsu H, Umeda M: Purification and characterization

of extracellular matrix-degrading selleckchem metalloproteinase, matrin (pump-1), secreted from human rectal carcinoma cell line. Cancer Research 1990, 50: 7758–7764.PubMed 27. Adachi Y, Itoh F, Yamamoto H, Iku S, Matsuno K, Arimura Y, Imai K: Retinoic acids reduce matrilysin (matrix Bcr-Abl inhibitor metalloproteinase 7) and inhibit tumor cell invasion in human colon cancer. Tumour Biology 2001, 22: 247–253.CrossRefPubMed 28. Yamamoto H, Iku S, Adachi Y, Imsumran A, Taniguchi H, Nosho K, Min Y, Horiuchi S, Yoshida M, Itoh F, Imai K: Association of trypsin expression with tumour progression and matrilysin expression in human colorectal cancer. Journal of Pathology 2003, 199: 176–184.CrossRefPubMed 29. Zeng ZS, Shu WP, Cohen AM, Guillem JG: Matrix metalloproteinase-7 expression in colorectal cancer liver metastases: evidence for involvement of MMP-7 activation in human cancer 4SC-202 metastases. Clinical

Cancer Research 2002, 8: 144–148.PubMed 30. Gorodeski GI: Estrogen decrease in tight junctional resistance involves matrix-metalloproteinase-7-mediated remodeling of occludin. Endocrinology 2007, 148: 218–231.CrossRefPubMed 31. Goldstein SR, Siddhanti S, Ciaccia AV, Plouffe L Jr: A pharmacological review of selective oestrogen receptor modulators. Human Reproduction Update 2000, 6: 212–224.CrossRefPubMed 32. Wang JY, Viar MJ, Li J, Shi HJ, McCormack SA, Johnson LR: Polyamines

are necessary for normal expression of the transforming growth factor-beta gene during cell migration. American Journal of Physiology 1997, 272: G713–720.PubMed 33. Patel AR, Li J, Bass BL, Wang JY: Expression of the transforming growth factor-beta gene during growth inhibition following polyamine depletion. American Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase Journal of Physiology 1998, 275: C590–598.PubMed 34. Hsu HH, Cheng SF, Wu CC, Chu CH, Weng YJ, Lin CS, Lee SD, Wu HC, Huang CY, Kuo WW: Apoptotic effects of over-expressed estrogen receptor-beta on LoVo colon cancer cell is mediated by p53 signalings in a ligand-dependent manner. Chinese Journal of Physiology 2006, 49: 110–116.PubMed 35. Heslin MJ, Yan J, Johnson MR, Weiss H, Diasio RB, Urist MM: Role of matrix metalloproteinases in colorectal carcinogenesis. Annals of Surgery 2001, 233: 786–792.CrossRefPubMed 36. Crawford HC, Fingleton BM, Rudolph-Owen LA, Goss KJ, Rubinfeld B, Polakis P, Matrisian LM: The metalloproteinase matrilysin is a target of beta-catenin transactivation in intestinal tumors. Oncogene 1999, 18: 2883–2891.CrossRefPubMed 37. Leeman MF, Curran S, Murray GI: New insights into the roles of matrix metalloproteinases in colorectal cancer development and progression. Journal of Pathology 2003, 201: 528–534.CrossRefPubMed Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests.