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the manuscript critically for important intellectual content. SJC and YMH supervised the project. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.”
“Background Function of the genome depends on the chromosome architecture [1]. For predictive gene diagnosis and for personalized medicine, simultaneous understanding of the structural and chemical makeup of chromosomes is essential [2]. To integrate biomolecular and clinical data for cancer research, spectral-based biomarker libraries of chromosomes of species are required. Conventional cytogenetic analysis such as karyotyping involves the observation of defects on the surface of chromosomes using optical microscopy and thereby relates to the physiological attributes and disease state of the species.