(J Vasc Surg 2012;55:1008-14.)”
“Background: Comparative studies of genital human papillomavirus (HPV) among men having sex with men (MSM), men having sex with women and men (MSWM),

and men having sex with women (MSW) have not been conducted so far; however, such comparisons may be important for planning prevention strategies like vaccination.\n\nMethods: Men, aged 18 to 70 years, were enrolled in a study of genital HPV in Sao Paulo, Brazil; Cuernavaca, Mexico; and Tampa, Anlotinib in vitro FL. Men were classified as MSM (n = 170), MSWM (n = 214), and MSW (n = 3326) based on self-reported sexual behavior. Genotyping for HPV was conducted on cells from the penis and scrotum. Prevalence data were adjusted by country. Factors potentially associated with genital HPV were assessed using multivariable Poisson regression.\n\nResults: Genital HPV prevalence was typically higher among MSWM than among MSM or MSW for groups of HPV genotypes including nononcogenic types (51%, 36%, and 42%, respectively), and multiple types (37%,

24%, and 29%, respectively). Age and alcohol consumption in the past month were associated with oncogenic HPV among both MSM and MSWM; however, there were no statistically significant associations between sexual behaviors and genital HPV among MSM or MSWM.\n\nConclusions: Prevalence of genital HPV may be higher among MSWM than among MSW or MSM. Number Elacridar purchase of female sex partners was associated with genital HPV among MSW, but number

of male anal sex partners was not associated with genital HPV among MSM and MSWM.”
“Libyostrongylus sp. are nematodes that infect ostriches. Libyostrongylus douglassii was first described in ostriches from several countries in the world. Later Libyostrongylus dentatus was morphologically identified in ostriches in the USA and Brazil, and mixed infection selleckchem is common in the latter country. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal DNA gene is used for genetic variability assessment and phylogenetic reconstruction for many organisms. Through genetic analysis the status of different species morphologically defined was confirmed and a molecular method was developed to differentiate both species. ITS1, 5.8S, ITS2 regions of L. douglassii and L dentatus were characterized. Regarding complete ITS region, the K2-p genetic distance between the species was 0.060 (SE 0.008) and the intra-specific distance was 0.002 (SE0.001) for L. dentatus and 0.006 (SE 0.002) for L.douglassii. NJ and MP phylogenetic analysis of ITS1 and ITS2 regions indicated that both species belong to the Trichostrongylidae family, and are evolutionarily different, suported by high bootstrap value. Based on ITS DNA polymorphisms, a molecular approach was designed to detect both species. These results are the first molecular characterization of L.