Shanghai's urban development demonstrates technical efficiency nearly at its peak, consequently reducing the likelihood of significant improvements in comprehensive efficacy through additional technological investment in the context of modern urban renewal. Although scale efficiency is slightly less than technical efficiency, there's potential for improvement. Excessively high levels of total energy consumption and general public budget input during Shanghai's early urbanization phase compromised efficiency; however, this situation has improved recently. The output index of urbanization in Shanghai can be optimized by boosting the total retail sales of consumer goods and the output of built-up areas.

This study examines the effects of adding phosphogypsum to geopolymer matrices, specifically those composed of metakaolin or fly ash, to understand their fresh and hardened properties. Using rheological and electrical conductivity methods, a study of the fresh material's workability and setting properties was conducted. 3Methyladenine A multifaceted analysis, encompassing XRD, DTA, SEM, and compressive strength measurements, characterized the hardened state. The results of workability tests showed that adding phosphogypsum caused the mixture to become thicker, leading to a maximum phosphogypsum addition rate of 15 wt% for metakaolin-based matrices and 12 wt% for fly ash-based matrices. This addition was also observed to delay the setting process in both instances. The matrices' analyses confirm the dissolution of gypsum, coupled with the formation of sodium sulfate and calcium silicate hydrate. Besides this, the introduction of phosphogypsum into these matrices, with a maximum mass ratio of 6%, shows no discernible effect on the mechanical strength. With addition rates above the stated limit, the compressive strength of the untreated matrices, which initially stands at 55 MPa, drops to 35 MPa for the metakaolin-based matrix and 25 MPa for the fly ash-based matrix, at a 12 wt% addition rate. The degradation is demonstrably linked to the augmented porosity, a consequence of the addition of phosphogypsum.

This study explores the interconnectedness of renewable energy consumption, carbon dioxide emissions, economic development, and service sector expansion in Tunisia, employing linear and non-linear autoregressive distributed lag models and Granger causality tests for the period 1980-2020. The findings of the empirical linear study suggest that, in the long term, renewable energy growth and service sector development correlate positively with carbon emissions. A long-term positive effect on environmental quality was revealed by the non-linear analysis of the negative energy shock. Crucially, across all modeled variables, a unidirectional relationship with carbon emissions was observed over the long term. For the Tunisian economy to thrive while mitigating climate change, the government must develop an environmentally-friendly strategy, and further research the potential of renewable energy through advanced technologies. For the enhancement of renewable energy production, we recommend that policymakers encourage and support the implementation of innovative clean technologies.

An investigation into the thermal efficiency of solar air heaters, using two distinct absorber plates in two diverse arrangements, is the focus of this study. In the summer climatic conditions of Moradabad City, India, the experiments were performed. Four different kinds of solar air heaters were developed. Medium chain fatty acids (MCFA) A flat-plate absorber and a serrated geometric absorber, with and without the test phase change material, were utilized in the experimental investigation to assess thermal performance. The heat transfer coefficient, instantaneous efficiency, and daily efficiency were investigated at three varied mass flow rates, namely 0.001 kg/s, 0.002 kg/s, and 0.003 kg/s. According to the study's results, Model-4 showcased the best performance among all tested models, registering an average exhaust temperature of approximately 46 degrees Celsius following sunset. Optimizing the daily average efficiency to approximately 63% occurred at a flow rate of 0.003 kg/s. A serrated plate-type solar air heater, not utilizing phase change material, achieves a 23% heightened efficiency in comparison to standard systems; furthermore, it displays a 19% efficiency gain compared to a standard system incorporating phase change material. The system, after modification, performs adequately for moderate-temperature conditions, like agricultural drying and space heating systems.

Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC)'s burgeoning growth is unfortunately inducing substantial environmental changes, leading to serious consequences for human health. PM2.5 pollution is a leading contributor to untimely demise. Within this framework, investigations have scrutinized strategies for curbing and minimizing atmospheric contamination; these pollution mitigation measures must be supported by sound economic rationale. A primary objective of this investigation was to determine the socio-economic costs associated with exposure to the prevailing pollution conditions, employing 2019 as the comparison year. An approach to calculating and evaluating the economic and environmental returns from air pollution abatement was implemented. This research project aimed to provide a holistic view of PM2.5-related economic losses, by concurrently examining the impacts of acute and chronic exposure on human health. Spatial variations in PM2.5 health risks were analyzed, incorporating inner-city and suburban data, and health impact maps were created for various age and sex groups on a spatial grid of 30 km x 30 km. The calculation's findings show that the economic burden of premature deaths from short-term exposure—approximately 3886 trillion VND—is heavier than the economic burden from long-term exposure—approximately 1489 trillion VND. With the 2030 Air Quality Action Plan prominently focusing on PM2.5 reduction, and the government of Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) actively developing control and mitigation strategies for the short- and medium-term, this study's insights will guide policymakers in developing a strategic roadmap for minimizing PM2.5's impact between 2025 and 2030.

With global climate change accelerating, minimizing energy consumption and curtailing environmental pollution are indispensable for sustainable economic progress. Using a non-radial directional distance function (NDDF) and data envelopment analysis (DEA), this study examines energy-environmental efficiency across 284 Chinese prefecture-level cities. It then employs a multi-period difference-in-difference (DID) model to evaluate the influence of national new zone creation on this efficiency. Energy-environmental efficiency within prefecture-level cities increases by 13%-25% upon the implementation of national new zones, largely through increases in green technical and scale efficiency. Secondly, the spatial consequences of new national zones encompass both positive and negative spillover effects. Third, considering the variable impact across different scenarios, the effect of establishing national new zones on energy-environmental efficiency increases with higher quantiles of the latter; single-city national new zones exhibit a substantial impact on energy-environmental efficiency, whereas two-city zones show no notable impact, signifying an absence of substantial green synergy between cities. We scrutinize the policy implications of this study, specifically considering the need for increased policy assistance and environmental regulations for the energy sector's operation.

Unsustainable water extraction from coastal aquifers contributes significantly to salinization, a pressing issue, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions where the problem is exacerbated by concurrent urban sprawl and human-induced alterations in land use. The present study aims to examine the quality of groundwater resources in the Mitidja alluvial aquifer of northern Algeria and ascertain its appropriateness for residential and agricultural utilization. The proposed hydrogeochemical investigation encompassed an interpretation of groundwater physiochemical parameters (EC, pH, dry residue, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl-, SO42-, HCO3-, and NO3-) from the wet and dry periods of 2005 and 2017, complemented by a stable isotope analysis of samples collected in October 2017. This approach was used to determine the recharge sources. The results indicate a strong presence of three hydrochemical facies, namely calcium chloride, sodium chloride, and calcium bicarbonate. During dry spells, carbonate and evaporite dissolution, together with the presence of seawater, are primary factors driving the processes of groundwater mineralization and salinization. ankle biomechanics Ion exchange and human activities, whether directly or indirectly, play a key role in modifying the chemical composition of groundwater and raising salt concentrations. Elevated NO3- levels are prominently observed in the eastern sector of the study area, a region subjected to fertilizer runoff, with the Richards classification further highlighting the critical need for constrained agricultural water use. The 2H=f(18O) hydrograph suggests the Atlantic and Mediterranean Seas are the primary sources of oceanic meteoric rainwater, which predominantly recharges this aquifer. To contribute to sustainable water resource management in similar worldwide coastal areas, the methodology presented in this study is applicable.

Goethite's adsorptive properties for agrochemicals, including copper (Cu²⁺), phosphate (PO₄³⁻), and diuron, were enhanced by modification with chitosan (CS) or poly(acrylic acid) (PAA). Pristine goethite's effectiveness in binding Cu (768 mg/g, 6371%) and P (631 mg/g, 5046%) was confined to their mixed systems. Copper adsorption in single-adsorbate solutions exhibited levels of 382 milligrams per gram, representing 3057 percent, phosphorus adsorption achieved 322 milligrams per gram (2574 percent), and diuron adsorption demonstrated 0.015 milligrams per gram, equivalent to 1215 percent. Despite employing goethite modification with CS or PAA, the adsorption results were not exceptional. Cu ions (828%) demonstrated the largest increase in adsorbed amount after undergoing PAA modification, accompanied by significant increases in P (602%) and diuron (2404%) after CS modification.