Results: Oral administration of the extract caused a significant (p < 0.05) dose-dependent reduction in the number selleck screening library of abdominal writhes (control, 84.67 +/- 9.58; 100 mg/kg, 57.86 +/- 3.07; 200 mg/kg, 24.40 +/- 3.92; and 400 mg/kg, 22.50 +/- 2.53). The extract also produced significant (p < 0.05) but non-dose dependent increase in elevation of pain threshold in the hot plate (ranging from 27.99 to 42.26 % inhibition) and tail flick tests (ranging from 34.73 to 81.42 % inhibition) in mice and rats, respectively. All doses of the extract used produced significant (p < 0.05)
inhibition of both phases of the formalin-induced pain in mice, with a more pronounced anti-inflammatory effect on the late (ranging from 46.96 to 74.12 %) phase than the early anti-neurogenic (ranging from 49.52 to 51.47 %) phase.
Conclusion: The results obtained suggest that the analgesic effect of Alstonia boonei may be mediated via both central and peripheral mechanisms.”
“The ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from Euryale ferox seed shells was modeled using response surface methodology. A three-level-three-factor Box-Behnken design was employed to optimize three extraction variables, including extraction time
(X-1), ethanol concentration (X-2), and ratio of aqueous ethanol to raw material (X-3), for the achievement of high extraction yield of the BEZ235 in vivo phenolic compounds. The statistical analyses show that the independent variables (X-1, X-2), the quadratic terms (X-1(2), X-2(2) and X-3(2)), and the interactions VX-809 concentration of X-1 with X-2 and X-3 have significant effect on the yield (p<0.01). The optimized conditions are X-1 of 21 min, X-2 of 52%, and X-3 of 31 mL/g.
Under these conditions, the experimental yield is 15.69 +/- 0.082% (n=3), which is well matched with the predicted yield of 15.70%. The evaluation of antioxidant activity by DPPH assay indicates that the phenolic compounds from E. ferox seed shells possess significant antioxidant activity. HPLC analysis reveals that pyrogallol, gallic acid, chlorogenic acid and rutin are the major composition in the extracts. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Aim of the study: The authors present a prospective histomorphological study of middle ear ossicles, harvested from cholesteatomous ears, to evaluate for presence of residual cholesteatoma after mechanical treatment and short-time autoclaving.
Sixty ossicles were used as specimens in this study. The ossicles were grouped as follows: Group A – ossicles stripped and burred using a fine diamond burr under microscopic control. Group B – ossicles autoclaved for 4 min at 134A degrees C after mechanical burring under microscopic control.
In group A, 30 ossicles were histologicaly examined after mechanical treatment. The residual disease was found in one badly eroded ossicle.