This extract has been chemically characterized to be rich in alka

This extract has been chemically characterized to be rich in alkaloids, polyphenols, flavonoids and chlorophyll. The antioxidant properties of alkaloids, polyphenols, flavonoids and phytol (obtained from breakdown of chlorophyll) from different herbal sources are used as nutritional supplements and alternative medicines in oxidative stress induced disease models ([44]; Ningappa et al., 2006 and [36]). This popular Indian spice herb check details with immense health benefits has been shown to possess prolific

antioxidant activities. The leaf extract of Murraya koenigii has been shown to provide protection against oxidative stress induced in diabetes (Arulselvan et al., 2007). Aqueous extract of this leaf has been found to be effective in providing protection against cadmium and lead induced oxidative stress in rats ( [29] and [17]). A number of in vitro ( [34] and [35]) and in vivo ( [23] and [21]) studies confirmed the free radical scavenging

potential and antioxidant activities of leaf extracts of Murraya koenigii proposing its immediate ameliorative actions in oxidative stress models. Considering the rich source of antioxidants in Cu LE, we studied the dose-dependent effect of the extract on piroxicam Docetaxel manufacturer induced gastric oxidative stress and ulcer. Cu LE at 200 mg/kg BW dose maximally protected rat stomach against any oxidative damage mediated by 30 mg/kg BW dose of piroxicam. Our macroscopic and histopathological studies showed that almost no ulcerative damage occurred in rats when they were pre-treated with the antioxidant rich aqueous leaf extract. Collagen depletion, a marker for tissue disintegration and damage, was appreciably prevented on SPTLC1 pre-treatment of piroxicam-fed rats with aqueous curry leaf extract. This is well exhibited in the confocal images of the Sirius red stained gastric tissue sections used for collagen volume determination by Image J software. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are enzymes secreted as zymogen granules called pro-MMPs. These zymogen granules are involved in extracellular matrix degradation and pro-MMP 9 and MMP-9 have been indicated

as the primary factors in extracellular matrix degradation and epithelial cell denudation in NSAID(s) induced gastric ulcers [43]. Our present study also carried out gelatin zymography to determine whether pro-MMP 9 activity altered in piroxicam treatment and if the aqueous extract mediated protection was also through inhibition of matrix degrading enzyme. Quantitative determination of the changes in pro-MM9 activity revealed that aqueous curry leaf extract pre-treatment inhibited significantly enhanced pro-MMP9 activity in piroxicam administered animals. We observed increased accumulation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and protein carbonyls in gastric tissues of piroxicam treated rats indicating involvement of oxidative stress.

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