Lanes are molecular size marker, M; cultures after 0 day, 0; 6 days, 6; 8 days, 8; 10 days, 10; 12 days, 12; 14 days, 14; and 14 days cultivation in the absence of alkanes, -. b, Relative degradation of alkanes by strain B23. Fractions degraded were estimated by the reduction of peak areas in GC/FID. Figure 3 Effects of long-chain alkanes on the induction GS-7977 ic50 levels of P24, P21 and P16. Fosbretabulin in vitro proteins were separated on an SDS-12% polyacrylamide gel and stained with Coomassie Brilliant Blue R-250. Lanes are molecular size marker (M), total cellular proteins

in the absence of alkanes (-); total cellular proteins in the presence of decane (C10), tetradecane (C14), octadecane (C18), docosane (C22), hexacosane (C26), triacontane (C30), tetracontane (C34). The effect of carbon chain length of alkanes on the induction selleckchem levels of the proteins was examined. It is obvious that the induction

effect increases in accordance with the increase in the chain length of alkanes (Fig. 3). It has previously been shown that strain B23 effectively degrades alkanes longer than dodecane [1]. These results strongly suggest that P24, P21, and P16 are related to the long-chain-alkane degradation by strain B23 or the production of these proteins was stimulated in the consequence of alkane degradation. Localization of the proteins in the cell was examined by fractionation of total cellular proteins (Fig. 4). Because P24 was recovered in a soluble fraction after disruption of the cells, this protein is probably a cytoplasmic protein. On the other hand, P21 and P16 were recovered in an insoluble form, suggesting that they are membrane proteins. Figure 4 Localization of P24, P21, and P16 in the cells. Lanes are molecular weight markers, M; whole cell fraction cultivated in the absence of alkanes, 1; whole cell fraction cultivated in the presence of alkanes, 2. Soluble

intracellular fraction after sonication of the cells, 3; insoluble membrane fraction after sonication, 4. Amino acid sequences of P21 and P16 The N-terminal amino acid sequences of P21 and P16 were determined as AFPLSGVGGFTISADLI (P21-N) and VPISGVGEFXVTFDKL (P16-N), respectively. These sequences, which are Bumetanide highly similar with each other, showed considerable similarity with that of cholesterol esterase from Streptomyces lavendulae [15]. Cholesterol esterase is a secretion enzyme which hydrolyzes long-chain fatty acid esters of cholesterol and mainly functions in mammalian tissues. In bacteria, only actinomycetes and pseudomonads [16] are reported to produce this enzyme. Cloning and analysis of genes encoding P21 and P16 Utilizing the information of N-terminal and internal amino acid sequences, 416 bp and 1.8 kb DNA fragments encoding a part of P21 and P16, respectively, were cloned and their nucleotide sequence was determined.