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“Background The Human Microbiome Project has taken a metagenomic approach to identifying the bacteria in a wide variety of sites on and in the human body because the substantial majority of these bacteria have not been grown in culture

[e.g.,[1]. Second generation DNA sequencing on this level presents a formidable informatics challenge. It is unlikely that such sequencing will be useful for individual investigators and clinical diagnostics. Therefore, the challenge is to detect each bacterium in a mixture when all that is known about the bacterium is a partial genome sequence. In a previous publication [2], we presented our adaption of molecular inversion probes [MIP; [3] to detect bacteria using a massively multiplex molecular technology. MIP technology was developed, in large part, to discover and assay single nucleotide polymorphisms in human DNA [4]. The human genome is diploid. Bacterial genomes are haploid, and, therefore, the background for molecular probe technology is significantly lower. Because of this important difference, we simplified the method by dispensing with the “”inversion”". Our method requires only a sequence of forty sequential bases unique to the bacterial genome of interest, such as derived from the sequences produced by the Human Microbiome Project. All necessary reagents are commercially available, including an Affymetrix GenFlex Tag16K array v2 (Tag4 array).