Recent reports about leishmaniasis show a few number of drugs available, indicating the

necessity of new drugs. In this study, the ethanol extract and fractions of Pityrogramma calomelanos (L.) link. (Pteridaceae) were assayed to verify the cytotoxicity and invitro leishmanicidal activity against promastigote forms of Leishmania brasiliensis. The cytotoxic assay was performed using fibroblasts NCTC929. The studies indicated a leishmanicidal effect of the ethanol extract and the ethyl-acetate fraction. However, a high cytotoxic effect was observed. The hexane and methanol fractions did not show leishmanicidal activity, nor cytotoxic effect. The phytochemical screening detected the presence of alkaloids, a class of secondary metabolites with a known leishmanicidal activity. This is the

first study reporting an anti-Leishmania and cytotoxic https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ly2157299.html effect of P. calomelanos, being an interesting approach in the search for drugs against this disease.”
“The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidative effects of the onion peels extract prepared via the subcritical water extraction (SWE) method. First, the number of cells treated with the extract was reduced by 0.7-1.1 log CFU/mL compared with the control. The SWE extract showed 76.08% scavenging activity and it was more effective than butylated hydroxytoluene selleckchem (BHT) at 61.3 ppm in lipid peroxidation inhibitory effects. In addition, the antioxidative effect of SWE extract measured via the ferric thiocyanate (FTC) method was 2-fold that of BHT. The results of this

study suggest that the onion peels extract prepared via the SWE method may have potential alternative antimicrobial and antioxidative effects as functional substances.”
“A simple and practical scheme for a directional bending sensor based on a sampled chirped fiber Bragg grating is proposed. The proposed sensing method has temperature insensitivity. The wavelength spacing in the reflection spectrum of a sampled chirped fiber Bragg grating is changed by bending because of the modification of the chirp ratio. As positive or negative bending is applied to the sampled chirped fiber Bragg grating embedded on a flexible PD0325901 cantilever beam, the wavelength spacing increases or decreases because of the induction of the tension and the compression strain gradient along the fiber grating. However, the wavelength spacing is not changed by the applied temperature. Since the effect of the temperature variation along the grating length remains the same, the chirp ratio is independent of the applied temperature change. Regardless of temperature change, it is therefore possible to measure the direction and the variation of bending.”
“The essential oils from the leaves of Annona pickelii and Annona salzmannii (Annonaceae) were obtained by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger apparatus, and analysed by GC-MS and GC-FID.

4% in the acute period, 51.3% in the delayed period, and 46.2% in the overall period. There were no grade 3 or 4 toxicities related to these antiemetic combinations.

Conclusion

RAD regimen is a safe and effective antiemetic treatment for prevention of CINV in patients receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy.”
“Nocardia infection is rare but potentially fatal. Therapy of Nocardia infection remains difficult. Linezolid, a novel oxazolidinone antibiotic, has proven to be effective, but clinical data are limited. Here we describe

a case of a 45-year-old man with pulmonary N. farcinica infection following a liver transplantation. The initial therapy was trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, which showed no effect. According to susceptibility test, linezolid was administered with clearly improving the patient’s buy OICR-9429 condition. The treatment was stopped for anemia as drug related adverse event, and buy Cediranib the therapy lasted for as long as 5 months. At the end of treatment clinical cure was confirmed and anemia reversed after discontinuation of linezolid. We also analyzed the clinical data of previously published reports by literature review, focusing on the efficacy and safety of linezolid treatment for Nocardia infection.”
“Purpose

Gefitinib

was introduced in 2002 for treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, it is not clear whether its use in daily practice has changed the outcome of patients. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the question of how molecular understanding regarding gefitinib and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation affect the prescribing patterns and clinical outcomes of treatment with gefitinib in NSCLC,

in a real practical field.

Materials and Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of the consecutive database of NSCLC patients who were treated with gefitinib at Seoul National University Hospital between January 2002 and December 2011. Prescribing patterns and clinical outcomes were analyzed by year.

Results

A total of 1,115 NSCLC patients, who received gefitinib at recurred or metastatic setting, were included in this study. Proportion of patients receiving gefitinib, for the first line, showed a gradual GDC-0973 cost increase, from 5.2% in 2002-2003 to 30.6% in 2010-2011. Proportion of patients who underwent EGFR mutation testing showed a rapid increase, from 0.6% in 2004-2005 to 73.5% in 2010-2011. The response rate also showed a gradual increase, from 17.2% in 2002-2003 to 57.1% in 2010-2011 (p < 0.001). The median progression-free survival of gefitinib was increased with statistical significance from 2.8 months in 2002-2003 to 9.1 months in 2010-2011 (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

We demonstrated that molecular understanding and practical use of EGFR mutation testing have resulted in a change in the prescription patterns of gefitinib. Use of an enrichment strategy can lead to improvement in the efficacy of gefitinib in real practice.

Moreover, in vivo biodistribution distinguished Autophagy Compound Library research buy greater expression at the earlier time point in MDA-MB-435 tumors infected with Ad-HA-SSTR2 from waning expression at the later time point (P < .05).

Conclusion: A combination of in vivo functional and anatomic imaging methods can help quantify gene expression after in vivo gene transfer. (C) RSNA, 2009″
“Background: The association between Helicobacter pylori gene diversity and gastric cancer has been poorly reported, although it is one of the important ways to explain the gastric pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of cagE and virB11 genes in H. pylori

isolated from patients with gastric cancer and to analyze the histology profiles.

Materials find more and methods: The presence of H. pylori and subtypes (cagE and virB11) was detected by PCR from the genomic DNA of 101 patients who had been diagnosed with gastric cancer. The cases were grouped according to the presence/absence of the genes studied and were analyzed in relation to histopathological parameters.

Results: H. pylori infection was detected in 94 out of 101 (93.1%) gastric carcinomas. The cases were categorized into the following groups: cagE+/virB11+, cagE+/virB11-, cagE-/virB11+, and cagE-/virB11-. Frequencies were: 50% (47/94) cagE+/virB11+, 3.2% (3/94) cagE+/virB11-, 10.6% (10/94) cagE-/virB11+, and

36.2% (34/94) cagE-/virB11-. Tumors in the gastric antrum were predominant. An exception was the cagE-/virB11- group, in which tumors had a tendency to be located in the gastric cardia; the majority of the cardia tumors (56% (14/25)) were in

this group. Intestinal histology type was the most frequent, but the cagE+/virB11- group only had diffuse tumors. H. pylori cagE+/virB11+ occurred click here most frequently (except at stage III), and was present at all gastric cancer stages.

Conclusions: This study is the first to include a relevant number of gastric cancer cases with H. pylori infection, reporting the frequency and relationship of cagE and virB11 genes and the genesis of this tumor. The presence of these cag pathogenicity island genes shows that they are important factors for the pathogenesis and malignancy of gastric cancer related to H. pylori. (C) 2009 International Society for Infectious Diseases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Photoreactable chitosan derivative have been prepared by introducing azido phenyl groups to amino groups of low molecular weight chitosan to facilitate the immobilization of growth factors. The prepared azidophenyl chitosan was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H NMR), scanning electron microscope (SEM). Cytotoxicity of prepared azidophenyl chitosan derivative was confirmed by MTT assay. Cell culture on the surfaces coated azidophenyl chitosan derivative was also carried out and cell adhesion was observed between azidophenyl chitosan derivative and cells.

Viral particles were found in all samples, frequently located in endothelium, epithelium, and muscle cells. The observations demonstrate that in fatal cases of A/H1N1 infection, viruses not only infect the respiratory system, but also engage in multiple organ invasions, causing pathologic changes.”
“The use of eponyms has long been contentious, this website but many remain in common use, as discussed elsewhere

(Editorial: Oral Diseases. 2009: 15; 185). The use of eponyms in diseases of the head and neck is found mainly in specialties dealing with medically compromised individuals (paediatric dentistry, special care dentistry, oral and maxillofacial medicine, oral and maxillofacial pathology and oral, oral and maxillofacial radiology and

maxillofacial surgery) and particularly by hospital-centred practitioners. This series has selected some of the more recognized relevant eponymous conditions and presents them alphabetically. The information is based largely on data available from MEDLINE and a number of internet websites as noted below: the authors would welcome any corrections. This document summarizes data about Wegener granulomatosis. find protocol Oral Diseases (2012) 18, 214-216″
“Aims: To test the hypotheses that high intensity pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) is effective in relief of stress urinary incontinence in community dwelling older women, and that intense PFMT improves stress urinary incontinence more than bladder training (BT) in this population. Methods: A two-center, assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial of 20 weeks duration with two active intervention arms: PFMT and BT. Assessments and interventions were undertaken at two metropolitan tertiary hospitals. Participants were community dwelling women over 65 years of age with urodynamic stress incontinence. Primary outcome measure was urinary leakage during a cough stress test. Secondary outcome measures included symptoms and bother (ICIQ-UI SF), participant global perception of change, leakage episodes (7-day accident diary), degree of “”bother”" (VAS) and health related quality of life (AQoL). Results: Eighty-three Caucasian women, 71.8 (SD 5.3) years participated

in the study. Both groups improved over the intervention period; however, the PFMT group reported significantly lower amounts of leakage on find more the stress test [PFMT median 0.0 g, 95% CI: 0.2-0.9; BT median 0.3 g, 95% CI: 0.2-1.7, P=0.006], improved symptoms and bother [PFMT mean 5.9, 95% CI: 4.8-7.1; BT group mean 8.5, 95% CI: 7.1-9.9 and greater perception of change [PFMT 28 (73.6%); BT 12 (36.4%) (P=0.002)] after 5 months than the BT group. Conclusions: High intensity PFMT is effective in managing stress urinary incontinence and is more effective than BT in healthy older women. Neurourol. Urodynam. 30: 317-324, 2011. (C) 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.”
“Purpose: The dental implant surface will be colonized by bacteria once it is exposed to the oral cavity.

The three-component design showed lower-magnitude contact pressures in the standard position (<10 MPa) and was generally less sensitive to misalignment. Both implant systems were sensitive to version misalignment.

Conclusions: In the tested implants, a highly congruent mobile-bearing total ankle replacement design yields more evenly distributed and lower-magnitude joint contact pressures than a less

congruent design. Although the mobile-bearing implant reduced susceptibility to aberrant joint contact characteristics that were induced by misalignment, predicted average contact stresses reached the yield stress of polyethylene for imposed version misalignments of >5 degrees.”
“The present study was undertaken to reveal the possible influence of HIF inhibitor atenolol, amlodipine and amlodipine plus

lisinopril upon lipid lowering profile of atorvastatin in cardiac patients with hyperlipidemia and hyperlipidemia plus hypertension attending a tertiary care cardiology hospital. Selected patients were divided into four groups. Group A (n = 9) declared as control and the patients in this group received oral dose of atorvastatin (20 mg/day) without antihypertensive Compound Library order medication, group B (n = 9) patients received atorvastatin (20 mg/day) along with atenolol (50-100 mg/day) as antihypertensive agent. Whereas group C patients (n = 9) being recipients of atorvastatin (20 mg/day) and amlodipine (5-10 mg/day) as anti-hypertensive medication. In the last group D (n = 9), the patients were treated with a combination of lisinopril (5 mg/day) and amlodipine (5-10 mg/day) with same lipid lowering agent, atorvastatin (20 mg/day). The effectiveness of the regimen was

assessed by estimating fasting serum lipid profile at zero (initial), 15th and 45th days of therapy. The data demonstrate the negative influence of atenolol on lipid lowering action of atorvastatin as beta-receptors blockade by atenolol on lipocytes in adipose tissues may impair the lipolytic effect and resulted in elevation of serum triglycerides levels. By these findings it is suggested that amlodipine and lisinopril should be preferred over atenolol, a beta(1) cardio-selective receptor blocking 17DMAG clinical trial drug in situations where co-administration of atorvastatin is essential.”
“Background: The three-dimensional vault geometry beneath the glenoid face reduces to a narrow width in many individuals, creating a risk of perforation of the glenoid component pegs or keel in total shoulder arthroplasty. The purpose of this study was to introduce the concept of a centerline of the glenoid vault determined by computed optimization and to compare this centerline geometry against two existing surgical methods for orienting the glenoid component.

Methods: Thirty-four subject-specific computer models of three-dimensional scapular geometry were created from computed tomography scans.

These findings suggest that overexpression of p-STAT3 (Tyr705) occurs in UC, and that pathways other than SOCS3 may contribute to its activation in this cancer.”
“Objective. BK virus (BKV)-induced viraemia after renal transplantation can be associated with severe impairment of graft function. This study evaluated possible risk factors for BKV replication and examined the outcomes following various currently used treatment approaches. Material and methods. Fifty-seven renal transplant recipients with BKV viraemia were retrospectively compared with 71 BKV-negative recipients to identify

risk factors for BKV viraemia. Furthermore, outcome and graft function in 14 patients with BKV replication, in whom mycophenolate mofetil Dibutyryl-cAMP cell line (MMF) was discontinued with a dose reduction of the remaining immunosuppressants, were compared with 32 patients in whom both MMF and the additional immunosuppressants were reduced. Results. Patients with BKV viraemia selleckchem received MMF (p < 0.01) and triple immunosuppression (p < 0.01) significantly more often, and displayed tacrolimus

(p = 0.034) at higher blood concentrations (p = 0.002), a lower lymphocyte count (p = 0.006) and a longer warm ischaemic time (p = 0.019), and were more often male (p = 0.026). Patients in whom MMF was stopped had a higher chance of clearance of BKV viraemia (p = 0.022), which was achieved more rapidly (p = 0.048). Graft function improved during treatment and no graft losses occurred, compared with eight graft losses in the MMF-treated group (p = 0.04). Conclusions. MMF and tacrolimus could promote EPZ5676 BKV viraemia after renal transplantation. Discontinuation of MMF together with a reduction of calcineurin inhibitors and glucocorticoids could be an option to reduce BKV replication after renal transplantation.”
“Thermal curing of adhesive films was investigated to facilitate the fabrication of a reliable bonding for semiconductors. The formulated adhesive films contained acrylic polymer, epoxy resins, phenol resin, and an imidazole derivative that was the catalyst for curing the epoxy resins with phenol resin. The solubility, thermally latent

characteristics, mechanical and adhesive properties of 2-methylimidazole/boron trifluoride (2MZ/BF3), and 2MZ/aluminum trisacetylacetonate (AlAC) were investigated. It was found that 2MZ/BF3 and 2MZ/AlAC had excellent solubility in adhesive materials and they had excellent latent characteristics as thermal curing catalysts for epoxy resins, whereas conventional catalysts (2MZ and 2-phenyl-4, 5-dihydroxymethylimidazole (2PHZ)) could not achieve both excellent solubility and thermally latent characteristics. The mechanical and adhesive properties of the post-thermal-cured adhesive film that contained 2MZ/BF3 or 2MZ/AlAC were comparable to those of the postthermal-cured adhesive films that contained conventional catalysts. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Twenty-three patients with AD, 15 patients with aMCI, and 15 healthy control subjects underwent diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging. WM tract damage was investigated by using tract-based spatial statistics, and GM atrophy was measured by using voxel-based morphometry.

Results: Compared with control subjects, patients with AD had an increase in mean diffusivity in all major WM tracts studied, including the limbic, cortico-cortical, interhemispheric, and corticospinal tracts. Conversely, fractional anisotropy decreased only in the parahippocampal tract, fornix, and small, inferior click here parietal regions. In addition, patients with AD showed a widespread increase in axial and

radial diffusivity compared with control subjects. Patients with aMCI showed an increase in axial diffusivity only CYT387 concentration in tracts projecting to the frontal cortex and splenium of the corpus callosum. Significant and anatomically congruent correlations

between WM changes and regional GM atrophy were found in patients with AD. Conversely, damage to most WM tracts in patients with aMCI did not correlate with GM atrophy.

Conclusion: In AD, the observed patterns of WM abnormalities may reflect the advanced phase of a secondary degenerative process and an association, especially in the early phases of the disease, with primary WM tract damage over and above GM abnormalities. (C)RSNA, 2010″
“Introduction and hypothesis The aim of this study is to assess variations in practice in the use of preoperative urodynamics in women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI).

Methods We performed an E-survey among all Dutch gynecologists and urologists who have SUI as focus in daily practice. The questions concerned the common policy and preferred policy. Descriptive statistics were used.

Results Of the 260 targeted specialists, 163 (63%) responded. We found that 37% of the respondents performed standard Copanlisib preoperative urodynamics; in the preferred practice,

this would reduce to only 18%. Eighty percent indicated they would operate a patient with a positive stress test without urodynamic SUI, whereas 21% would do this also in case the clinical stress test was negative. Only 9% of the respondents indicated they adapted the choice of the type of sling based on urethral pressure profilometry parameters.

Conclusions Urodynamics are not routinely performed, and outcomes hardly influence the choice of treatment.”
“Asparagine synthetase is a key enzyme in the production of the nitrogen-rich amino acid asparagine, which is crucial to primary nitrogen metabolism. Despite its importance physiologically, the roles that asparagine synthetase plays during plant defense responses remain unknown. Here, we determined that pepper (Capsicum annuum) asparagine synthetase 1 (CaAS1) is essential for plant defense to microbial pathogens. Infection with Xanthomonas campestris pv.

This implies that the Cerenkov phonon emission can be easily observed in GaAs-based electron gas systems. We also examine the frequency and angular dependence of the acoustic-phonon emission on the applied electric field and find that our results are in line with those observed experimentally. This study is pertinent to electrical generation of acoustic-phonon

sources from polar semiconductor systems.”
“Background Critical limb ischaemia due HSP990 purchase to distal arterial disease represents a significant challenge. Randomised controlled evidence suggests that open surgery may be superior to endovascular intervention but there is limited data on the specific clinical cohort with exclusively infrapopliteal disease.

Aim We analysed indications for, and outcome from all, popliteo-pedal bypass procedures performed AZ 628 concentration between July 1998 to November 2008.

Patients and methods Twenty-eight bypass procedures were performed in 24 patients. Autologous vein was used exclusively. The proximal anastomosis was to the below-knee popliteal artery in all the patients;

the distal anastomosis was to plantar artery (n = 15) or dorsalis pedis artery (n = 13). Mean patient age was 63. Eight years of age (range 37-92 years). Indications for surgery were tissue loss (n = 21) and rest pain (n = 7). Ultrasound graft surveillance was performed every 6-months.

Results Using www.selleckchem.com/products/pf299804.html life table analysis, primary graft patency was 63.3% at 1-, 3- and 5-years and secondary patency (after three interventions) was 74.6% at 1-, 3- and 5-years. Limb salvage rate was 81.8% after 1-, 3-and 5-years as all five limb amputations were performed in the first 3-months following the surgery. Overall survival was 75, 75 and 47.1% at 1-, 3- and 5-years, respectively. The major amputation free survival rate was 54.2, 54.2 and 21.3% at 1-,

3-and 5-years, respectively. Seventy-nine percent (n = 19) patients were diabetic.

Conclusion Our data supports popliteo-pedal bypass as an effective treatment for distal vascular disease. Comparison with endovascular treatment in a randomised trial needs to be performed.”
“Muscle’s structural composition is an important factor underlying muscle strength and physical function in older adults. There is an increasing amount of research to support the clear disassociation between the loss of muscle lean tissue mass and strength with aging. This disassociation implies that factors in addition to lean muscle mass are responsible for the decreases in strength and function seen with aging. Intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) is a significant predictor of both muscle function and mobility function in older adults and across a wide variety of comorbid conditions such as stroke, spinal cord injury, diabetes, and COPD. IMAT is also implicated in metabolic dysfunction such as insulin resistance.

Young wasps take three to four days to acquire the colony’s chemical signature, with a small change on the fifth day, when the cuticular hydrocarbon profile of the workers is more similar to that of the queens than that of the males, probably because they are of the same sex, but primarily because of the similarity of tasks executed by these two groups of females

in the colonies.”
“Purpose: To assess whether using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging combined with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) could reveal changes in common carotid artery (CCA) flow and wall shear stress (WSS) that might contribute to differences in CCA remodeling between amlodipine, a calcium channel blocker, and lisinopril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, despite

similar MI-503 nmr reductions in blood pressure (BP).

Materials and Methods: Institutional review board approval was obtained, and participants gave informed consent. selleck inhibitor Nine subjects with hypertension were recruited into a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized three-way crossover study to compare the hemodynamic effects of 7 days of treatment with placebo, amlodipine, or lisinopril. After each treatment period, patients underwent CCA ultrasonography, BP measurement, and MR imaging with CFD. Analyses were performed by using repeated-measures analysis of variance, followed by the Tukey test or the Wilcoxon matched-pairs test.

Results: Amlodipine and lisinopril lowered BP similarly, but CCA flow rate was significantly higher (P<.01) and distal vascular resistance was lower (P = .016) after amlodipine treatment than after lisinopril treatment. WSS on the inner wall of the CCA was significantly lower after lisinopril treatment than after amlodipine treatment (P = .03). The change in WSS in the CCA correlated with the change in vascular resistance (r = -0.85, P < .001).

Conclusion: Amlodipine causes increased blood flow and increased time-averaged WSS in the CCA A-1210477 supplier compared with lisinopril, despite similar reductions in BP. Differences in the subacute hemodynamic effects of amlodipine and lisinopril could contribute to the differences in CCA remodeling seen in

long-term studies. (C)RSNA, 2010″
“Electron-hole pairs created by the passage of a high-energy electron in a scintillator radiation detector find themselves in a very high radial concentration gradient of the primary electron track. Since nonlinear quenching that is generally regarded to be at the root of nonproportional response depends on the fourth or sixth power of the track radius in a cylindrical track model, radial diffusion of charge carriers and excitons on the similar to 10 picosecond duration typical of nonlinear quenching can compete with and thereby modify that quenching. We use a numerical model of transport and nonlinear quenching to examine trends affecting local light yield versus excitation density as a function of charge carrier and exciton diffusion coefficients.

Chondrocytes from rabbit articular cartilage were expanded and cultured with PCS scaffold. After 7 weeks culture, the scaffolds were implanted on a 5 mm x 10 mm artificial tracheal defect in six rabbits. Two, four and eight weeks postoperatively, the sites were evaluated endoscopically, radiologically, histologically and functionally.

Results: None of the six rabbits showed any sign of respiratory distress. Endoscopic examination did not show

any collapse or blockage of the reconstructed trachea GF120918 and the defects were completely covered with regenerated respiratory epithelium. Computed tomography showed good luminal contour of trachea. Postoperative histologic data showed that the implanted chondrocyte successfully formed neo-cartilage with minimal inflammatory response and granulation tissue. Ciliary beat frequency

of regenerated epithelium was similar to those of normal adjacent mucosa.

Conclusions: The shape and function of reconstructed trachea using allogenic chondrocytes cultured with PCS scaffold was restored successfully without any graft rejection. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“P>In occupational dermatology, repeat patch testing is a frequent occurrence when an expert opinion is required. As a result, discrepancies in test results may affect the legal position in respect of insurance and a reduction in the GSK1838705A clinical trial level of disability. The strip patch test (SPT) supports the diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis when a weak sensitization is present or when a weak sensitizer with poor epidermal penetration is involved JQ1 nmr leading to a false-negative patch test result. We report on a 30-year-old man working as an industrial mechanic from 1995 to 2006. After approval of an occupational disease no. 5101 of the German ordinance on industrial disease in 2007, he went to court claiming compensation. The sensitization with clinical and

occupational relevance to potassium dichromate that was decisive for the evaluation for insurance purposes was first confirmed in a patch test in 2005. Succeeding tests in 2006 in the context of an expert opinion and in 2008 in the context of our decisive expert opinion remained negative. We could reconfirm the potassium dichromate sensitization only by the SPT performed in the proposed standardized manner. The potassium dichromate allergy was the determining factor in the assessment for insurance purposes. This resulted in an adjustment in the severity of disability and a pension entitlement. From this case it is obvious that the detection of a SPT-positive and patch test-negative sensitization may have a significant impact on the situation with respect to the legal and insurance position.”
“Background: The role of an elevated body mass index (BMI) in asthma remains controversial.